Multineuritis craneal como comienzo de lupus eritematoso sistémico: un reto diagnóstico / Cranial mononeuritis multiplex as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A diagnostic challenge

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El peso de la comorbilidad del paciente se correlaciona con la gravedad de la disfunción eréctil / The Patient's Comorbidity Burden Correlates with the Erectile Dysfunction Severity

Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre la disfunción eréctil (DE), los niveles de testosterona y el Índice de comorbilidad de Charlson (ICC). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en pacientes derivados a la unidad de andrología de 7 hospitales españoles. La DE se diagnosticó y clasificó mediante el International Index of Erectile Function. Los niveles de testosterona, la prevalencia de cada comorbilidad y el ICC se compararon entre pacientes con distintos grados de DE. Además de la correlación entre la testosterona total y el ICC, la influencia de cada comorbilidad y de la severidad de la DE en el ICC se evaluaron mediante una regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 430 hombres con una media de 61 años de edad. El ICC medio fue 3,5 y la testosterona total 15,2nmol/l; 389 (91%) de los sujetos tenían algún grado de DE: 97 (23%) leve, 149 (35%) leve a moderada, 86 (20%) moderada y 57 (13%) severa. La severidad de la DE se asoció a un nivel menor de testosterona (p = 0,002) y a un mayor ICC (p < 0,001). Los niveles de testosterona fueron significativamente menores en pacientes con obesidad, diabetes, hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, únicamente la diabetes y la hipertensión mostraron una relación significativa con la DE. El modelo multivariado, que incluía variables relacionadas con todas las comorbilidades evaluadas, los niveles de testosterona y la severidad de la DE, predijo el ICC (p < 0,001, R2 = 0,426). La severidad de la DE mostró una contribución significativa al modelo (p = 0,011), pero la testosterona total no (p = 0,204). Conclusiones: El ICC se asocia significativamente con la severidad de la DE, pero muestra una correlación débil con los niveles de testosterona

Objective: To explore the potential relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED), low testosterone levels, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Material and methods: Cross-sectional study on patients referred to the andrology unit in 7 Spanish centers. The ED was diagnosed and graded using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score. Total testosterone, the prevalence of each comorbidity, and the CCI were compared between patients with different grades of ED. Besides, the correlation between total testosterone and the CCI score, the influence of each comorbidity, and the ED severity on the CCI was assessed in a multiple linear regression. Results: The study included 430 men with a mean age of 61 years. The mean CCI was 3.5, and mean total testosterone 15.2 nmol/L; 389 (91%) subjects had some grade of ED: 97 (23%) mild, 149 (35%) mild-to-moderate, 86 (20%) moderate, and 57 (13%) severe. The increase in ED severity was significantly associated with a decrease in total testosterone (P = .002), and an increase in the CCI score (P < .001). Testosterone levels were significantly lower in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia (P < .05). However, only the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was significantly associated with the severity of ED. The multivariate analysis including variables related to all assessed comorbidities, total testosterone levels, and the DE severity significantly predicted the CCI score (P < .001, R2 = .426). The severity of ED significantly contributed to this model (P = .011), but total testosterone did not (P = .204). Conclusions: The CCI is significantly associated with the ED severity, but it shows a weak correlation with the testosterone levels

Hepatitis tóxica tras tratamiento concomitante con interferón beta y aloe vera en un paciente con esclerosis múltiple: a propósito de un caso / Toxic hepatitis after concomitant interferon beta and aloe vera treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report

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Mielitis. Diferencias entre esclerosis múltiple y otras etiologías / Myelitis: Differences between multiple sclerosis and other aetiologies

Introducción: Un primer brote de mielitis puede ocurrir en el contexto de enfermedades desmielinizantes, inflamatorias sistémicas o infecciosas. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las diferencias entre mielitis asociadas a esclerosis múltiple (EM) y mielitis por otras etiologías. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo, unicéntrico, de pacientes con primer brote de mielitis (2000-2013). Se analizaron variables demográficas, etiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas y pronósticas, y se compararon entre mielitis por EM y mielitis por otras etiologías. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 91 pacientes. Tiempo medio de seguimiento: 7 años. Diagnósticos: EM 57 (63%), mielitis transversa idiopática 22 (24%), asociada a enfermedades sistémicas 6 (7%), otros diagnósticos (6%). Mielitis por EM: menor edad de inicio (35 ± 11 vs .41 ± 13; p = 0,02), mayor afectación esfinteriana (40,4 vs. 27,3%; p = 0,05), mayor afectación multifocal en la RM medular (77,2 vs. 26,5%; p = 0,001), menor extensión de la lesión (segmentos vertebrales 2,4 vs. 1,4; p = 0,001), localización cervical (82,5 vs. 64,7%; p = 0,05) y localización posterior (89,5 vs. 41,2%; p = 0,001). Mielitis por otras etiologías: mayor localización anterior (47,1 vs. 24,6%; p = 0,02) y centromedular (47,1 vs. 14,1%; p = 0,001) y mejor recuperación al año (EDSS 2,0 vs. 1,5; p = 0,01). Análisis multivariante: la afectación multifocal medular (OR 9,38; IC 95%: 2,04-43,1) y del cordón posterior (OR 2,16; IC 95%: 2,04-2,67) se asociaron de forma independiente al diagnóstico de EM. Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes con un primer brote de mielitis serán diagnosticados de EM. La presencia de lesiones medulares multifocales y en el cordón posterior se asocian de forma significativa a este diagnóstico

Background: Myelitis can appear as an initial symptom in the context of demyelinating diseases, systemic inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases. We aim to analyse the differences between myelitis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelitis resulting from other aetiologies. Methods: Single-centre, retrospective analysis of patients with initial myelitis (2000-2013). Demographic, aetiological, clinical, radiological and prognostic variables were analysed and compared between patients with myelitis from MS and those with myelitis due to other aetiologies. Results: We included 91 patients; mean follow-up was 7 years. Diagnoses were as follows: MS 57 (63%), idiopathic transverse myelitis 22 (24%), associated systemic diseases 6 (7%), and other diagnoses (6%). Myelitis due to MS was associated with younger age of onset (35 ± 11 vs. 41 ± 13; P = .02), more pronounced sphincter involvement (40.4 vs. 27.3%; P=.05), greater multifocal involvement in spinal MRI (77.2 vs. 26.5%; P=.001), shorter lesion extension (2.4 vs. 1.4 vertebral segments; P=.001), cervical location (82.5 vs. 64.7%; P=.05) and posterior location (89.5 vs. 41.2%; P=.001). Myelitis due to other aetiologies more frequently showed anterior location (47.1 vs. 24.6%; P=.02), and central cord involvement (47.1 vs. 14.1%; P=.001), with better recovery at one year of follow up (EDSS 2.0 vs. 1.5;P=.01). Multivariate analysis showed that multifocal spinal cord involvement (OR 9.38, 95% CI: 2.04-43.1) and posterior cord involvement (OR 2.16, 95% CI: 2.04-2.67) were independently associated with the diagnosis of MS. Conclusions: A high percentage of patients with an initial myelitis event will be diagnosed with MS. The presence of multifocal and posterior spinal cord lesions was significantly associated with the diagnosis of MS

Effects of 5-hydroxydecanoate and ischemic preconditioning on the ischemic-reperfused heart of fed and fasted rats

This investigation aimed to assess whether the mitochondrial ATP-sensitivepotassium channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) could abolish the protectionconferred by fasting and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and to ascertainwhether these effects are associated with glycogen breakdown and glycolytic activity.Langendorff perfused hearts of fed and 24-h fasted rats were exposed to 25 minischemia plus 30 min reperfusion. IPC was achieved by a 3 min ischemia plus a 5 minreperfusion cycle. 5-HD (100 µM) perfusion begun 5 min before IPC or 13 minbefore sustained ischemia in the non preconditioned groups. Fasting improved thereperfusion recovery of contraction, decreased the contracture and the lactate production,increased glycogenolysis and did not affect the percentage of viable tissue.5-HD abolished the effects of fasting on the contractile recovery but did not affectthe contracture. 5-HD decreased the lactate production in the fed group, increasedthe preischemic glycogen content in both nutritional groups and did not affect theischemic glycogen fall. IPC improved the contractile function but prevented thecontracture only in the fed group, reduced lactate accumulation and glycogenolysisand evoked an increase of the viable tissue. 5-HD abolished the effects of IPC on thecontractile recovery and did not affect its effect on the contracture, lactate production,glycogenolysis and viable tissue. These data suggest that the mitocondrial ATPsensitivepotassium channel is involved in the effects of fasting and IPC on the contractilefunction but the other cardioprotective and metabolic effects appear evokedthrough other mechanisms. Also suggest that besides the inhibition of the mitochondrialpotassium channel, other mechanisms mediate the effects of 5-HD (AU)

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Molecular Determinants of Nef Function.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in addition to encoding for the gag, pol and env structural genes common to all retroviruses also encodes six accessory genes: tat, rev, nef, vpr, vpu and vif. These accessory genes are responsible for the regulation of HIV replication. Recent advances in our understanding of the function(s) of these genes have illustrated the complex interplay between HIV, the infected cell and the host. In addition, identification of cellular proteins interacting with accessory gene products have provided new tools to study cellular processes. The topic of this review, nef, has been shown in vitro to induce the cell surface downregulation of CD4, the receptor for HIV, to enhance the infectivity of HIV particles and to associate with at least one cellular serine/threonine kinase. In vivo, Nef is essential for the efficient virus replication responsible for disease progression. In this review, several prominent aspects of Nef function are discussed including its effect on CD4 trafficking, on signaling pathways and on virus infectivity enhancement. Copyright 1997 S. Karger AG, Basel